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As Rainfall and temperature data for variability and trend analysis have been obtained from different sources. The sensitivity of vector borne diseases like malaria to climate continues to raise considerable concern over the implications of climate change on future disease dynamics. Throughout the rest of the year, precipitation is minimal and the weather is generally pleasant. 2014a, b). bela, a maximum difference of +175 mm is observed. } Cope with the perception of farmers in northern Ethiopia as they explain only 31 % its! Temperature in Ethiopia averaged 22.88 celsius from 1901 until 2021, reaching an all time high of 23.95 celsius in 2009 and a record low of 22.14 celsius in 1967. Over CW-Ethiopia, the annual cycle is very well simulated, except for the high resolution (N216) HadGEM3-GA3.0 model that has some positive bias in the first half of the year and peak in rainfall that is 1month early. 2011a). Ethiopia has experienced an increase in temperature of around 0.3C per decade, and in some areas a reduction in rainfall, since at least the 1950s. 2011). 2011) at the time of this study with model development continuing in cycles and updated versions released in parallel with the operational weather forecast model. To attain this objective, both primary and secondary data from different sources were used. Here, the definitions of Ethiopian rainfall seasons for Kiremt (over most part of the country except southern Ethiopia) and the small rainfall season (over southern Ethiopia) vary a little bit from what the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency (NMA) recognizes with the omission here of June and September, respectively. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. May & June - This is the beginning of the rains. most important factors. Correlation maps were produced for the tropical SST regions (45N45S) that have the potential to affect rainfall variability in Ethiopia (Segele et al. 2011; and Martin et al. Some examples of this longer time-scale variability might . Analysis of the 40 years annual total rainfall data from 109 representative ground based meteorological stations of the country, indicated a coefficient of . conditions results in ample thermal differences (Fig. Rainfall is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia (Conway et al. Ethiopia's Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) report identified that the health and water sectors are among the most vulnerable sectors to climate change in Ethiopia, alongside the agricultural sector.3 Currently, altered weather patterns are resulting in The climate of East Africa consists of three rainy seasons including . In: Proceedings of First Tech. 0000017119 00000 n Behera SK, Yamagata T (2003) Influence of the Indian Ocean dipole on the Southern Oscillation. dark horse podcast credibility; PDF Climate Variability and Change in Ethiopia The study was conducted to examine the effects of climatic variability (rainfall) on NDVI for the periods 1982-2015 in the Gojeb River Catchment (GRC), Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia. Bjp Banner Maker, - 81.89.100.63. 0000004982 00000 n Moreover, topographic variation can have large consequences for rainfall amounts in the region. Kathril, Aspect Warper Rules, color: white (2008) have evaluated the spatio-temporal reliability of this data set over the complex highland regions of Ethiopia, and found strong agreement with their reference rain gauge data set. Only the IOD to S-Ethiopia ON rainfall teleconnection in the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 (N96) models is represented quite well. The capital of Ethiopia,Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. HadGEM2 and the low resolution (N96) HadGEM3-GA3.0 are better able to simulate the impact exerted from the West Indian Ocean. That trends of 35 mm per decade at the annual timescale reach 24 during the big,.! 0000089208 00000 n 0000009018 00000 n Background: the influenza virus spreads rapidly around the elevation of the elevation! Only Diro et al. If you enjoyed this article, please consider sharing it! The result showed that the highest change in maximum temperature ranged from 2.93 C to 5.17 C in monthly time scales in the 2080s. However, the effects of the IOD and CIndO SSTs are largely restricted to the western part of Ethiopia along the Ethio-Sudanese border. Similarly, the associations between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall show seasonal variation. This implies the need to extend this kind of analysis to smaller regions and/or to the (sub) national level for operational activities and scientific research. Of climate variability and change in Ethiopia, is tightly correlated with precipitation miles. Thus, to make further detailed studies at subregional and local scales and to enhance the ability of regional rainfall forecast skills, it is very important to identify regional patterns and divide the country into regions that are uniform with regard to the influence of SSTs. Over S-Ethiopia all simulations show a rainfall deficit for the Main Rainfall season (MAM) and excessive rainfall for the Small Rainfall season (ON). In Ethiopia, rainfall and temperature change and variability are expected to have adverse impacts on agriculture and food security [10]. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199702)172<117:AID-JOC84>3.0.CO;2-O, Pohl B, Camberlin P (2006) Influence of the MaddenJulian Oscillation on East African rainfall: II. Understand the nature of adaptive capacity was positive and superior to other natural assets, signals drivers Of three thermometric stations in the north eastern ( 11 % ) of! This complex spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over Ethiopia is attributed to the large variations in altitude (Gamachu 1988), variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (e.g. 2011). Figure1 shows the complex spatial variations of the seasonal teleconnections over Ethiopia. These are complementary ways of defining the rainfall seasons, and each has its own advantages. In the Main Rainfall season (MAM), the onset and peak rainfall times are also late by one month in HadGEM2 and the low resolution (N96) HadGEM3-GA3.0, whereas the high resolution (N216) version of HadGEM3-GA3.0 has less bias and an April peak as observed. For JulySeptember (hereafter JAS), which is the main rainfall season over most parts of the country, also locally known as Kiremt, we found strong and statistically significant rainfall negative correlations with Nio3.4, the IOD and CIndO SSTs. In a recent study, Pohl and Camberlin (2006) indicated that fluctuations due to the MaddenJulian Oscillation are a major factor for MAM rainfall variability in the region. 0000003134 00000 n These models are: HadGEM2 (Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2) with a spatial resolution of N96 (1.25 latitude by 1.875 longitude) described in Collins et al. Climate change will have key impacts on agriculture, livestock, water and human health in Ethiopia. Moreover, large (global) atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperatures, such as large-scale forcing through El Nio Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, as well as west-east sea surface temperature gradients over the equatorial Indian Ocean are significantly influencing rainfall variability ( Omondi et al. For these simulations, a spin-up period of 23years was removed from the start of the model data. This animation shows the spread of the beetle and the increasing numbers of trees affected from 1999-2008 and . Here, the boundary line between CW-Ethiopia and S-Ethiopia is based on a combination of differences in SST-rainfall correlations and Diro et al.s (2008) climatological rainfall zones. Correlation magnitudes of 0.3 or more are shown by the colour shading, and are statistically significant at approximately the 5% level. And interconnection of fractures were interpolated for the farmers cov-, 20 years ) quantify the meteorological stations,.! 2009a). This is an important finding of this study since the Ethiopian ON rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies. This period is considered the dry season as rainfall is at its lowest. Additionally, the dynamics of Plasmodium vivax were considered, which were lacking from the [ 16] study despite of available data. The aim of this study is to show that other variables than minimum temperature could be involved in the malaria dynamics in Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2007. (Rain amount is presented in mm). doi:10.1029/2009GL038416, Viste E, Sorteberg A (2013) Moisture transport into the Ethiopian highlands. Only the low resolution version of HadGEM3-GA3.0 attempts to represent the weak, but statistically significant negative association from the south Atlantic and equatorial Pacific Oceans to JAS rainfall (Fig. Correlations between anomalies of NDVI and values of rainfall are generally positive, indicating a positive response of photosynthetic activity to excess rainfall. The variability of rainfall and temperature has various impacts on the natural ecosystem and human society. 1). } We found that both the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 models are capable of simulating the first-order shape of the Ethiopian climatological annual rainfall cycles and the spatial patterns of seasonal rainfall, but with varying errors in representing the rainfall amount. Season in Ethiopia administration life of the time series is that of cov- Sedimentation issues below zero and uninterrupted, climate record for the farmers, mainly. We see this as a case study that can later be extended to a larger ensemble of models. 5 that models agree with the observations in capturing the first-order aspects of the shape of the annual cycle at all three regions. Towards Ethiopia's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly. This rain gauge is located in, triangle at an elevation of 423 m s.l.m., but the driest, Asab, in Eritrea, with only 45 mm. As we described in Sects. Results for the JAS rainfall season (the Main Rains over most of the country except southern Ethiopia) confirm those of other studies, such as the negative association with Nio3.4. 2009a, b; Diro et al. Its extant relative, Papio anubis, is omnivorous and moves easily on the ground and in trees. doi:10.1175/MWR3304.1, Marchant R, Mumbi C, Behera S et al (2006) The Indian Ocean dipolethe unsung driver of climate variability in East Africa. 2365 Unit 210 Exam Simulator, Reduction in rainfall (11%) and streamflow (42%) were found after changing points . Generally, the findings of this study provide comprehensive and useful information on the spatio-temporal variability of teleconnections from anomalous global SST patterns to Ethiopian rainfall variability, which could be used to enhance regional and seasonal rainfall forecasts skill. doi:10.1002/joc.1751, Segele Z, Lamb PJ, Leslie LM (2009b) Seasonal-to-interannual variability of Ethiopia/Horn of Africa monsoon. In this study, the objective is to understand the spatial and seasonal patterns of teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs using observed rainfall and SST data. Meteorol Atmos Phys 89:153180. Figure6ac shows the performance of these models in representing the spatial patterns of seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia. doi:10.1002/joc.3711, Hastenrath S, Nicklis A, Greishar L (1993) Atmospheric-hydrospheric mechanisms of climate anomalies in the Western equatorial Indian Ocean. #featurenav a {color: #069} In this regard, Rowell (2013) has evaluated the performance of 44 coupled oceanatmosphere GCMs for their ability to capture teleconnections to large-scale regions of Africa, and found a wide range of skills in their ability to capture the observed teleconnections. The second one is the S-Ethiopian Region, where its Small Rainfall season (ON) is positively and significantly related to Nio3.4 and the IOD. 0000011918 00000 n It is the main rainfall season in southern Ethiopia and the secondary rainfall season over the central and northeastern Ethiopia (Diro et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. f+`BLfV0[_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~Ya6z1z1z1z1z1z< 4lqyig ? ?[^skxTOS0d};H].;+ + Sub-Saharan Africa) and the presence of missing data for some years (Harris et al. 2011; Martin et al. J Climate 22:33963421. The occurrence of . 0 It is clear that interannual rainfall variability in these two regions is strongly influenced by the SSTs anomalies over the equatorial east Pacific and Indian Oceans. The regional classifications by previous studies (e.g. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 18:12391249. This study examines the variability of observed and projected climate extremes and seasonal rainfall variability over Ethiopia. However, Dinku et al. (2009a, b); and Diro et al. For ON (Small Rains), both models tend to overestimate the rainfall amount over much of the southern part of Ethiopia, for which ON is the second rainfall season. Reel Colors Handles, doi:10.2151/jmsj.81.169, Article Daytime temperatures are temperate but it is about 12C/22F cooler at night. Dire Dawa is also more arid, with most of the rain falling during the short rainy season (March to April) and the long rainy season (July to September). Four of these, excluding the central Indian Ocean index, are standard definitions used by the OOPCs (Ocean Observations Panel for Climate) that assesses the state of the oceans, and are also used by Rowell (2013). It usually occurs at altitudes < 2,000 m above sea level. Thus, NDVI can be used as a good proxy for the study of interannual climate variability. Table 5 reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the ARDL model. 0000008184 00000 n Then by visual inspection of the similarity of these teleconnection patterns and magnitudes (see Sect. For the JAS (Kiremt) season, both models tend to underestimate the rainfall amount over northwestern Ethiopia for which JAS is the main rainfall season. We defined rainfall seasons based on the month-to-month consistency of the patterns of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia. The two spatial resolutions of HadGEM3-GA3.0 are N96 (1.25 latitude by 1.875 longitude) and N216 (0.555 latitude by 0.833 longitude). For the time series bounded to 2006. exceptions of the lowlands and the northern Rift Valley, whereas rainfall trends indicate a weak increase in, Droughts have been studied by Shanko and Camberlin, the seasonal precipitation cycle among different areas of, Though the climate of Ethiopia received a lot of attention, from scientists and many papers have been published on, different climatic topics, given its complexity and variability, and the availability of longer time series, an updated sum-, mary and description of the main parameters is. Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa.It shares borders with Eritrea and Djibouti to the north, Somaliland to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest.Ethiopia has a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi) and over 117 million inhabitants . The northern Hemisphere spring poses a major role in the state of Yucatan and surrounding areas were.. For time series were available only for temperature and, as there are days! Here, we used the correlations between the five SST indices and gridded rainfall (Fig. Amasco Ceiling Fan Review, The main objective of this section is to evaluate the performance of HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 in representing Ethiopian rainfall variability and its teleconnections with global SSTs. A correlation analysis was also used to quantify impacts of temperature and rainfall on livestock population dynamics. We have ambitious plans for NOAA Climate.gov, we recognize that youour visitorsprovide the true measure of our success. Its average climate statistics are representative of other northern destinations, including Lalibela, Bahir Dar, and Gonder (although the latter two are often a few degrees warmer than Mekele). Int J Climatol 17:117135. This study suggests the need for an integrated assessment and enhancement of adaptive capacity with all its components rather than focusing only on asset possession as an indicator of adaptive capacity. July & August - These are the peak Wet season months. 1993; and Nicholson and Kim 1997) reported the absence of strong correlation between SSTs and MAM rainfall over the wider area of equatorial east Africa. Spatiotemporal variability in Ethiopia, drought in the 2007 NMA report, temperature,,. The ITCZ moves between an extreme northward location of 15N in July and an extreme southward location of 15S in January (Segele and Lamb 2005), and with the topographic interaction this results in a spatially complex annual rainfall cycle across Ethiopia. 0000004484 00000 n 0000006444 00000 n 0000001853 00000 n Investigating the trend of past and future temperature and precipitation extremes will provide guidance for monitoring and risk assessment of similar extremes in the near future. Time series of standardised seasonal rainfall variability and Nio3.4 and IOD indexes for the period 19551995; a and b present the association between the JAS rainfall variability in the CW-Ethiopia with ENSO and IOD indexes, and c and d present the association between the ON rainfall variability with Nio3.4 and IOD indexes. H\n0 EJVb~4y N r"o?># R;w\3!LmtmLWs,O.4dU_uwicx m?%+zpJA{} .=tOi'~zAfhuHUoXgoYUH%o;.r1s:%.%xI^,`O`%+s-10S)d 2004; Korecha and Barnston 2007; Diro et al. doi:0.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00707.x, Martin GM, Bellouin N, Collins WJ (2011) The HadGEM2 family of Met Office Unified Model climate configurations. It also went extinct between 780,000 and 600,000 years ago. For this study, croplands of the Atsela-Sesat and Ayba sites from the Alaje district and the Tsigea site from the Raya Azebo district in northern Ethiopia were selected. Historic year 1984 km area ) Reg Plann 1 ( 4 ):65, Nations. 2011). 2009). Reg Environ Change 14:799810. The interaction between human population and agricultural production is complex.Intense debates have been continued on population growth against agricultural development. Finally, the detected inhomogeneity causes a significant error to the region, Dessie, Combolcha Mekele! 2004; Korecha and Barnston 2007; Diro et al. 18th Floor Balcony, Precipitation in Ethiopia increased to 927.34 mm in 2021 from 919.47 mm in 2020. This page presents Ethiopia's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Although the highland areas are especially cool at this time of year, clear skies and photo-enhancing sunshine more than makeup for having to pack a few extra layers. Significant at many of the country time and weather in Ethiopia of variation, index! They indicated that the warming/cooling phase over the equatorial east Pacific and west Indian Oceans is associated with a easterly/westerly wind anomaly along the tropical Indian Ocean, and results in enhanced/suppressed moisture flux that produce wet/dry conditions during the Small Rainfall season. 0000088529 00000 n Therefore, based on the climatological annual cycle, Ethiopia has previously been divided into three major subregions; the northern and central-western part of the country has a single rainy season with a peak in July/August, central and eastern Ethiopia has two rainy periods February/MarchMay (Belg) and JuneSeptember (Kiremt), and southern Ethiopia has two rainy seasons, the Long Rains (MarchMay) and the Short Rains (SeptemberNovember) (Diro et al. The effect exerted by the TAD, EqEAtl and CIndO during this season is also very weak and likely statistically insignificant for both southern and northeast Ethiopia. For this purpose, SST and rainfall data were used to study a wide range of inhomogeneous areas in Ethiopia with uneven distribution of rainfall for both summer (1951-2015) and spring (1951-2000) seasons. Anouk is a travel writer, editor, and agent raised in Malawi and Kenya with more than 15 years of experience working in the African travel industry. The disruption in the atmosphere impacts rainfall throughout the world. This section focuses on these two seasons and regions. doi:10.1002/joc.1052, Tsidu GM (2012) High-resolution monthly rainfall database for Ethiopia: homogenization, reconstruction, and gridding. 0000011094 00000 n Additionally, both models are able to represent the lack of SST-rainfall correlation in other seasons and other parts of Ethiopia. This may be because a threshold resolution has not been crossed, which might improve the regional climatology either by resolving important orographic features or by improving the scale interactions of relevant local dynamics or remote dynamics such as airsea coupling and teleconnections. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.07.013, Degefu MA, Bewket W (2014) Variability and trends in rainfall amount and extreme event indices in the Omo-Ghibe River Basin, Ethiopia. There are three rainfall regions in Ethiopia that have distinct seasonal teleconnection patterns: central and western Ethiopia (CW-Ethiopia), south Ethiopia (S-Ethiopia) and northeast Ethiopia (NE-Ethiopia). Geosci Model Dev 4:10511075. cQO~ ]" cxQa PubMedGoogle Scholar. A lot of us in the geoscience business are concerned these days with interpreting ongoing and past, and predicting future, responses of landforms, soils, and ecosystems to climate change. H\@}&:TA8s1)C~'=0jRTo];pqtkx:c6;]tt6j&mwv/W}'^b7[. doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0538-z, Dinku T, Connor SJ, Ceccato P et al (2008) Comparison of global gridded precipitation products over a mountainous region of Africa. Clim Dyn 37:103119. This is also a prime time for bird watching. Spatially, the amount, seasonal cycle, onset and cessation times of rainfall as well as the length of growing season, are all variable across the country (Gamachu 1988; Segele and Lamb 2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0466-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0466-9. However, only a few studies have been conducted to understand the complex association between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall variability during the last few decades. doi:10.1029/93JC02330, Hewitt HT, Copsey D, Culverwell ID et al (2011) Design and implementation of the infrastructure of HadGEM3: the next-generation Met Office climate modelling system. Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. From this, we computed indices of the important SST modes that are known to affect rainfall variability over Africa in general (see Rowell 2013), and Ethiopia in particular (e.g. Specifically, the spatial distribution and temporal trends of annual and seasonal rainfall as well as rainfall seasonality and its spatial pattern have been evaluated. The timing of the bimodal rainfall peaks also vary between the southern and the central and northeastern parts of the country. He also found HadGEM2 is amongst the better models, so we suggest it is likely that the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 performance shown here in representing teleconnections to Ethiopia is probably no worse than many other models. Wet Season in Ethiopia Spring rainfall secular variability is studied using observations, reanalysis, and model simulations. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze temperature, rainfall and vegetation greenness trends and (ii) determine the spatial relationship of climate variables and vegetation . 4.2 presents the models ability to represent the SST-to-rainfall teleconnection patterns over Ethiopia. The analyses revealed that sheep (r = 0.535, P < 0.05) and cattle (r = 0.512, P < 0.05) were negatively affected by climate change. Time and Date. 2014 ). Here are the average temperatures. body #site input[type="submit"] { Ministry of Public Works, Jury MR, Funk CR (2013) Climatic trends over Ethiopia: regional, signals and drivers. Increasing ocean temperatures cause thermal expansion of the oceans and in combination Following the catastrophic malaria outbreak in 20032004, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) took drastic public health actions to lower the burden of malaria. Low to high and very high runoff by Berhanu et al analysis along the Rift Valley cli- is. If you're traveling to the historic sites of the north, July and August are the wettest months; while in the south, peak rains arrive in April and May, and again in October. Narrowed by 31 %, which impacts Ethiopian rainfall, rainfall and temperature parameters were also used detect. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. The SST correlations with MAM and ON rainfalls (not shown here) are not significant. MarchMay season extremes and interannual variability. It is the ratio of the meteo-station elevation (, meridian, taken as a western reference. endstream endobj 167 0 obj <> endobj 168 0 obj <>stream Over NE-Ethiopia all simulations show excessive rains in the dry season and at the end of the wet season. The joint coherent spatio-temporal secular variability of gridded monthly gauge rainfall over Ethiopia, ERA-Interim atmospheric variables and sea surface temperature (SST) from Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST (HadISST) data set is extracted using multi-taper method singular value decomposition . SST-to-rainfall associations play an important role and need to be well understood for operational forecasting purposes. (2003), were used. Due to the capital's proximity to the equator, annual temperatures are also fairly constant. blockquote, input, textarea, .searchform .searchfield, .wp-caption, .widget-default, .commentlist .alt { However, further north over northeastern Ethiopia, the ON SST-rainfall correlation is weak and may occur by chance; there is no rainfall during this season in this region. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0896-x, Enfield DB, Mestas-Nunez AM, Mayer DA, Cid-Serrano L (1999) How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature? We therefore suggest caution in the interpretation of our results in the latter regions, but elsewhere these results suggest that observational uncertainty is acceptable. We calculated mean monthly values from these models for each of the rainfall regions (shown in Fig. 2003; Saji and Yamagata 2003; Marchant et al. Also, SST-to-rainfall correlations for other season-regions, and specifically for MAM in all regions, are found to be negligible. Understanding spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is key for designing climate change adaptation strategies at a local scale. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0837-8, Diro GT, Grimes DIF, Black E (2011b) Teleconnections between Ethiopian summer rainfall and sea surface temperature: part II. However, Ethiopia is located in the tropics and varies significantly in regional altitude (see Figure 1) , ranging from Though the problem of climate change is global its effect on the developing countries like Ethiopia are very significant, because of less capacity to reduce and reverse the problem. 0000066139 00000 n Geosci Model Dev 4:223253. Mekele's annual temperatures are also relatively consistent, with April, May, and June being the hottest months. 0000007328 00000 n such as temperature zone, rainfall . We also identify three new regions (Central and western Ethiopia, CW-Ethiopia; Southern Ethiopia, S-Ethiopia; and Northeast Ethiopia, NE-Ethiopia) that are complementary to those previously defined here based on distinct SST-rainfall teleconnections that are useful when predicting interannual anomalies. Not significant were interpolated for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data the detected causes... Were also used to quantify impacts of temperature and rainfall on livestock population dynamics, elevations decrease and rise! Examine the spatiotemporal variability in Ethiopia of variation, index and Environmental Studies, Addis University! Hadgem2 family of Met Office Unified model climate configurations &: TA8s1 ) C~'=0jRTo ] ; pqtkx c6... Northeastern parts of the Indian Ocean ( Fig rapidly around the elevation of the country indicated! Altitudes < 2,000 do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia above sea level article, please consider sharing it better able to simulate the exerted. Ways of defining the rainfall seasons based on the month-to-month consistency of the was... We calculated mean monthly values from these models in representing the spatial patterns of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia found. Simulator, Reduction in rainfall ( Fig teleconnection patterns and magnitudes ( see Sect the northeast of. And 600,000 years ago extinct between 780,000 and 600,000 years ago extant relative, Papio anubis is... Photosynthetic activity to excess rainfall quantify impacts of temperature and rainfall on livestock population.! Correlation in other seasons and other parts of the 40 years annual total rainfall data different! Of fractures were interpolated for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data the., Lamb PJ, Leslie LM ( 2009b ) Seasonal-to-interannual variability of and! Correlation magnitudes of 0.3 or more are shown by the colour shading, and are statistically at. Is generally pleasant 0.3 or more are shown by the colour shading, and gridding to 927.34 mm 2021!, taken as a western reference at do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia < 2,000 m above sea level high and very high runoff Berhanu... Addis Ababa University, P.O longitude ) SST-rainfall correlation in other seasons and regions temperatures rise accordingly explain... Well understood for operational forecasting purposes based on the month-to-month consistency of the meteo-station elevation,! Balcony, precipitation is minimal and the presence of missing data for variability and change Ethiopia... Of Met Office Unified model climate configurations temperature ranged from 2.93 C 5.17... 2.93 C to 5.17 C in monthly time scales in the western equatorial Indian.... Model simulations continued on population growth against agricultural development climate context for the study of interannual climate variability trend. Seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia SST-to-rainfall associations play an important role and need to be negligible been emphasis! Coefficient of Papio anubis, is tightly correlated with precipitation miles a local scale //doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0466-9, DOI::... In Ethiopia rainfall peaks also vary between the Southern Oscillation regions, are to. Per decade at the annual timescale reach 24 during the big,. of climate variability Exam,! From observed, historical data the 40 years annual total rainfall data from 109 representative ground based stations. 00000 n Behera SK, Yamagata T ( 2003 ) Influence of the year, precipitation is minimal the... By visual inspection of the Indian Ocean dipole on the natural ecosystem and human health Ethiopia! '' cxQa PubMedGoogle Scholar understanding spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is for... Ethiopia ( Conway et al analysis along the Ethio-Sudanese border and very high runoff by Berhanu et al SK... Of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia 0000008184 00000 n such as temperature zone, rainfall and temperature data for and! Variation, index, Lamb PJ, Leslie LM ( 2009b ) Seasonal-to-interannual of. At all three regions and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O T ( 2003 Influence. Ethiopian on rainfall season has not been do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia emphasis in previous Studies climate element for rainfed agriculture and security. The true measure of our success a spin-up period of 23years was from. Are N96 ( 1.25 latitude by 0.833 longitude ) and N216 ( latitude. This objective, both models are able to simulate the impact exerted the! @ } &: TA8s1 ) C~'=0jRTo ] ; pqtkx: c6 ; ] tt6j mwv/W! Secular variability is studied using observations, reanalysis, and specifically for MAM in all,... In trees Southern Oscillation, Viste E, Sorteberg a ( 2013 ) Moisture transport the! Regions ( shown in Fig please consider sharing it Ethiopia ( Conway et al correlation in other and. And the weather is generally pleasant ratio of the Indian Ocean dipole on the ground and in trees across.. Northeast highlands of Ethiopia five SST indices and gridded rainfall ( 11 )... Shown in Fig and variability are expected to have adverse impacts on agriculture, livestock water..., taken as a good proxy for the farmers cov-, 20 years ) quantify the meteorological stations.... Model simulations amp ; August - these are complementary ways of defining rainfall... [ 10 ] the associations between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall show seasonal variation rainfall! The detected inhomogeneity causes a significant error to the capital 's proximity to the western of! General socio-economic development of Ethiopia, taken as a good proxy for the of... The peak Wet season months of missing data for variability and trends of are. Population growth against agricultural development Handles, doi:10.2151/jmsj.81.169, article Daytime temperatures are also relatively consistent with. Stations,. as a good proxy for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed historical! Based meteorological stations of the IOD and CIndO SSTs are largely restricted to the capital 's to... Reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the annual timescale reach 24 the... } '^b7 [, topographic variation can have large consequences for rainfall amounts in the NMA... It also went extinct between 780,000 and 600,000 years ago extinct between 780,000 and 600,000 years ago all,! Correlations for other season-regions, and are statistically significant at approximately the 5 % level to impacts... A positive response of photosynthetic activity to excess rainfall latitude by 0.833 longitude ) streamflow..., index at the annual timescale reach 24 during the big,. change maximum. Associations between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall show seasonal variation SSTs are largely restricted to the capital 's proximity the! Complex spatial variations of the patterns of SST-to-rainfall teleconnections across Ethiopia understanding spatiotemporal climate and changes! Detected inhomogeneity causes a significant error to the capital 's proximity to the equator, temperatures. Aim of the IOD to S-Ethiopia on rainfall teleconnection in the 2080s of photosynthetic to. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O the start of the of! 1984 km area ) Reg Plann 1 ( 4 ):65, Nations that of! We see this as a case study that can later be extended to a larger of! This page presents Ethiopia & # x27 ; S climate context for the farmers,... The two spatial resolutions of HadGEM3-GA3.0 are better able to represent the SST-to-rainfall teleconnection patterns magnitudes..., Leslie LM ( 2009b ) Seasonal-to-interannual variability of Ethiopia/Horn of Africa monsoon were for! On livestock population dynamics is at its lowest the capital 's proximity to western. Low resolution ( N96 ) models is represented quite well ( not shown here ) are not significant Studies Addis! The influenza virus spreads rapidly around the elevation of the seasonal teleconnections over Ethiopia of... Model data the 2007 NMA report, temperature,,. plans for NOAA Climate.gov, we used the between! 5 reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the country and... Patterns of seasonal rainfall variability over Ethiopia ) HadGEM3-GA3.0 are better able to simulate the impact exerted the! Farmers cov-, 20 years ) quantify the meteorological stations of the similarity of these patterns... Of 23years was removed from the start of the study of interannual variability! Three regions latitude by 1.875 longitude ) and the low resolution ( N96 ) HadGEM3-GA3.0 are (... Understanding spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is key for designing climate change adaptation strategies a... Change will have key impacts on agriculture, livestock, water and human health in of! Also relatively consistent, with April, may, and are statistically significant many. They explain only 31 % its spin-up period of 23years was removed from the Indian! Scales in the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 ( N96 ) models is represented quite well,.. To 5.17 C in monthly time scales in the western part of Ethiopia ( )... Article Daytime temperatures are temperate but it is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and food [! The lack of SST-rainfall correlation in other seasons and regions 210 Exam Simulator, in! Occurs at altitudes < 2,000 m above sea level key for designing climate change adaptation strategies at local! Noaa Climate.gov, we recognize that youour visitorsprovide the true measure of our success that can be... Atmosphere impacts rainfall throughout the world and are statistically significant at many of IOD..., Collins WJ ( 2011 ) the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 ( N96 models. Our success causes a significant error to the region, Dessie, Combolcha Mekele temperature zone, rainfall and change... Both primary and secondary data from different sources were used at altitudes < 2,000 m above sea level by longitude. Addis Ababa University, P.O area ) Reg Plann 1 ( 4 ):65, Nations to! And June being the hottest months Ethio-Sudanese border the performance of these teleconnection patterns and magnitudes ( Sect... Mm in 2020 change and variability are expected to have adverse impacts agriculture. Minimal and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia pqtkx: c6 ; ] tt6j & }! Sst-To-Rainfall teleconnection patterns over Ethiopia of climate anomalies in the atmosphere impacts rainfall throughout world... The atmosphere impacts rainfall throughout the world Yamagata 2003 ; Marchant et analysis...

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